This section introduced and analyzed the digital waveguide oscillator and resonator, as well as some related algorithms. As a recursive algorithm for digital sinusoid generation, it has excellent properties for VLSI implementation. It is like the 2D rotation (complex multiply) in that it offers instantaneous amplitude from its state and constant amplitude in the presence of frequency modulation. However, its implementation requires only two multiplies per sample instead of four. When used as a constant-frequency oscillator, it requires only one multiply per sample.