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Recent Developments

Much recent experience in piano modeling is represented by the 2003 paper of Bank et al. [14], including good summaries of prior research on efficient computational string models, loss-filter design, dispersion filter design, and soundboard models. A careful computational model of the piano, partially based on physical modeling and suitable for high-quality real-time sound synthesis, has been recently developed by Bensa in the context of his thesis work [20]. Related publications include [21,22]. An excellent simulation of the clavichord, also using the commuted waveguide synthesis technique, is described in [175]. A detailed simulation of the harpsichord, along similar lines, but with some interesting new variations, is presented in [179].

A software example of commuted synthesis for the mandolin appears in the Synthesis Tool Kit19(STK) [40] as Mandolin.cpp. This software is written in the C++ programming language, and runs in real time on typical personal computers. It can be controlled in real time from a MIDI device, a Tcl/Tk graphical user interface (GUI), or driving software.


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``Virtual Acoustic Musical Instruments: Review and Update'', by Julius O. Smith III, DRAFT to be submitted to the Journal of New Music Research, special issue for the Stockholm Musical Acoustics Conference (SMAC-03) .
Copyright © 2005-12-28 by Julius O. Smith III
Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA),   Stanford University
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