Next  |  Prev  |  Up  |  Top  |  Index  |  JOS Index  |  JOS Pubs  |  JOS Home  |  Search


Differentiator Filter Bank

Since, in the time domain, a Taylor series expansion of $ x(n-\Delta)$ about time $ n$ gives

\begin{eqnarray*}
x(n-\Delta)
&=& x(n) -\Delta\, x^\prime(n)
+ \frac{\Delta^2}{2!} x^{\prime\prime}(n)
+ \cdots
+ \frac{(-\Delta)^k}{k!}x^{(k)}(n)
+ \cdots \nonumber \\
\;\longleftrightarrow\;&&
X(z)\left[1 - \Delta\, D(z) + \frac{\Delta^2}{2!} D^2(z) + \cdots
+ \frac{(-\Delta)^k}{k!}D^k(z) + \cdots \right]
\end{eqnarray*}

where $ D(z)$ denotes the transfer function of the ideal differentiator, we see that the $ m$ th filter in Eq.(4.10) should approach

$\displaystyle C_m(z) \eqsp \frac{(-1)^m}{m!}D^m(z), \protect$ (5.12)

in the limit, as the number of terms $ {N_c}$ goes to infinity. In other terms, the coefficient $ C_m(z)$ of $ \Delta^m$ in the polynomial expansion Eq.(4.10) must become proportional to the $ m$ th-order differentiator as the polynomial order increases. For any finite $ N$ , we expect $ C_m(z)$ to be close to some scaling of the $ m$ th-order differentiator. Choosing $ C_m(z)$ as in Eq.(4.12) for finite $ N$ gives a truncated Taylor series approximation of the ideal delay operator in the time domain [185, p. 1748]. Such an approximation is ``maximally smooth'' in the time domain, in the sense that the first $ N$ derivatives of the interpolation error are zero at $ x(n)$ .5.7 The approximation error in the time domain can be said to be maximally flat.

Farrow structures such as Fig.4.19 may be used to implement any one-parameter filter variation in terms of several constant filters. The same basic idea of polynomial expansion has been applied also to time-varying filters (replace $ \Delta$ with $ t$ ).


Next  |  Prev  |  Up  |  Top  |  Index  |  JOS Index  |  JOS Pubs  |  JOS Home  |  Search

[How to cite this work]  [Order a printed hardcopy]  [Comment on this page via email]

``Physical Audio Signal Processing'', by Julius O. Smith III, W3K Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-0-9745607-2-4
Copyright © 2024-06-28 by Julius O. Smith III
Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA),   Stanford University
CCRMA