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The 2-D Digital Waveguide Mesh

Digital waveguide techniques have been used to develop efficient physical models of musical instruments since the early 1990s [SmithSmith1987,Smith IIISmith III2003,Van Duyne and SmithVan Duyne and Smith1993a,Van Duyne and SmithVan Duyne and Smith1993b]. The digital waveguide model can be used to reduce the computational cost of physical models based on numerical integration of the wave equation by three orders of magnitude by simulating the traveling waves with digital delay lines.

The one-dimensional digital waveguide can be extended into a two-dimensional digital waveguide mesh [Van Duyne and SmithVan Duyne and Smith1993a,Van Duyne and SmithVan Duyne and Smith1993b]. The structure of the 2-D digital waveguide mesh can be viewed as a layer of parallel vertical waveguides superimposed on a layer of parallel horizontal waveguides intersecting each other at 4-port scattering junctions as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: The 2-D digital waveguide mesh.
\begin{figure}\begin{center}\epsfig{file=figs/2dmesh.eps}\end{center}\end{figure}

In a lossless case, the scattering junction has two physical constraints: 1) the velocities of all the strings at the junction must be equal, i.e.,

$\displaystyle v_1 = v_2 = \cdots = v_N,$     (5)

and 2) the forces exerted by all the strings must sum to zero, i.e.,
$\displaystyle f_1 + f_2 + \cdots + f_N = 0,$     (6)

where $N$ is the number of strings.

Combining the two series junction constraints with the wave impedance relations between force and velocity wave variables defined as $f^+ =
Rv^+$ and $f^- = -Rv^-$, and with the wave variable definitions, $v_i
= v^+_i + v^-_i$, and $f_i = f^+_i + f^-_i$, we can derive the lossless scattering equations for the junctions in which four strings intersect,

$\displaystyle v_J = \frac{2\sum^{4}_{i=1}R_iv^+_i}{\sum^{4}_{i=1}R_i},$     (7)


$\displaystyle v^-_i = v_J - v^+_i,$     (8)

where $v_J$ represents the junction velocity, and the $v^+_i$'s and the $v^-_i$'s are the incoming and the outgoing waves at the junction, respectively. Assuming an isotropic membrane, where $R_1 = R_2 = R_3 =
R_4$, Equation 7 further simplifies to
$\displaystyle v_J = \frac{v^+_1 + v^+_2 + v^+_3 + v^+_4}{2}.$     (9)


next up previous
Next: Implementation and Results Up: Implementation of a Highly Previous: The Quadratic Residue Diffuser
Kyogu Lee 2004-05-28