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Bernoulli Effect

The Bernoulli effect provides that, when a gas such as air flows, its pressure drops. This is the basis for how aircraft wings work: The cross-sectional shape of the wing, called an aerofoil (or airfoil), forces air to follow a longer path over the top of the wing, thereby speeding it up and creating a net upward force called lift.

Figure B.8: Illustration of the Bernoulli effect in an acoustic tube.
\includegraphics{eps/bernoulli-effect}

Figure B.8 illustrates the Bernoulli effect for the case of a reservoir at constant pressure $ p_m$ (``mouth pressure'') driving an acoustic tube. Any flow inside the ``mouth'' is neglected. Within the acoustic channel, there is a flow with constant particle velocity $ u$ . To conserve energy, the pressure within the acoustic channel must drop down to $ p_m - \rho u^2/2$ . That is, the flow kinetic energy subtracts from the pressure kinetic energy within the channel.

For a more detailed derivation of the Bernoulli effect, see, e.g., [180]. Further discussion of its relevance in musical acoustics is given in [145,198].


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``Physical Audio Signal Processing'', by Julius O. Smith III, W3K Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-0-9745607-2-4
Copyright © 2024-06-28 by Julius O. Smith III
Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA),   Stanford University
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