[Research Paper]
Haptic Interfaces
Incorporating Haptic Feedback into Interfaces for Music Applications [pdf]

(S. O'Modhrain, C.Chafe, "Incorporating Haptic Feedback into Interfaces for Music Applications," Proc.Intl. Soc. Robotics and Automation. Maui, 2000)

Though musicians rely primarily on their sense of hearing to adjust the sound being produced by their instrument, there exists a second path through which valuable information about the instrument's behavior can be observed - namely the feedback received via the senses of touch and kinesthesia. We tested the hypothesis that by adding haptic feedback to computer-based musical instruments we could improve the "playability" of these instruments.