De Moivre's Theorem

As a more complicated example of the value of the polar form, we'll prove De Moivre's theorem:

$$\left[\cos(\theta) + j \sin(\theta)\right] ^n = \cos(n\theta) + j \sin(n\theta)$$

Working this out using sum-of-angle identities from trigonometry is laborious (see §3.13 for details). However, using Euler's identity, De Moivre's theorem simply ``falls out'':

$$\left[\cos(\theta) + j \sin(\theta)\right] ^n = \left[e^{j\theta}\right] ^n = e^{j\theta n} = \cos(n\theta) + j \sin(n\theta)$$

Moreover, by the power of the method used to show the result, $n$ can be any real number, not just an integer.