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Synthesis (Step 7)
The analysis portion of PARSHL returns a set of amplitudes
, frequencies
, and phases
,
for each frame index
, with a ``triad'' (
) for each track
. From this analysis data the
program has the option of generating a synthetic sound.
The synthesis is done one frame at a time. The frame at hop
,
specifies the synthesis buffer
|
(H.9) |
where
is the number of tracks present at frame
;
; and
is the length of the synthesis buffer (without
any time scaling
, the analysis hop size). To avoid ``clicks''
at the frame boundaries, the parameters (
) are smoothly interpolated from frame to frame.
The parameter interpolation across time used in PARSHL is the same
as that used by McAulay and Quatieri [174]. Let
(
) and
(
) denote the sets of
parameters at frames
and
for the
th frequency track.
They are taken to represent the state of the signal at time 0
(the
left endpoint) of the frame.
The instantaneous amplitude
is easily obtained by linear
interpolation,
|
(H.10) |
where
is the time sample into the
th frame.
Frequency and phase values are tied together (frequency is the phase
derivative), and they both control the instantaneous phase
. Given that four variables are affecting the
instantaneous phase:
, and
, we need at least
three degrees of freedom for its control, while linear interpolation
only gives one. Therefore, we need at least a cubic polynomial as
interpolation function, of the form
|
(H.11) |
We will not go into the details of solving this equation since McAulay
and Quatieri [174] go through every step. We will
simply state the result:
|
(H.12) |
where
and
can be calculated using the end conditions
at the frame boundaries,
This will give a set of interpolating functions depending on the value
of
, among which we have to select the ``maximally smooth''
one. This can be done by choosing
to be the integer closest to
, where
is [174, Eq.(36)]
|
(H.15) |
and finally, the synthesis equation turns into
|
(H.16) |
which smoothly goes from frame to frame and where each sinusoid
accounts for both the rapid phase changes (frequency) and the
slowly varying phase changes.
Figure H.5 shows the result of the analysis/synthesis process using
phase information and applied to a piano tone.
Figure H.5:
(a) Original piano tone, (b) synthesis with phase
information, (c) synthesis without phase information.
|
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