nm (1)





NAME

       nm - list symbols from object files


SYNOPSIS

       nm [-a|--debug-syms] [-g|--extern-only]
          [-B] [-C|--demangle[=style]] [-D|--dynamic]
          [-S|--print-size] [-s|--print-armap]
          [-A|-o|--print-file-name]
          [-n|-v|--numeric-sort] [-p|--no-sort]
          [-r|--reverse-sort] [--size-sort] [-u|--undefined-only]
          [-t radix|--radix=radix] [-P|--portability]
          [--target=bfdname] [-fformat|--format=format]
          [--defined-only] [-l|--line-numbers] [--no-demangle]
          [-V|--version] [-X 32_64] [--help]  [objfile...]


DESCRIPTION

       GNU  nm  lists  the symbols from object files objfile....  If no object
       files are listed as arguments, nm assumes the file a.out.

       For each symbol, nm shows:

       ·   The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below),  or
           hexadecimal by default.

       ·   The  symbol  type.   At  least the following types are used; others
           are, as well, depending on the object file format.   If  lowercase,
           the symbol is local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external).

           "A" The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be changed by fur-
               ther linking.

           "B" The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as BSS).

           "C" The symbol is common.  Common symbols are  uninitialized  data.
               When  linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same
               name.  If the symbol is defined anywhere,  the  common  symbols
               are treated as undefined references.

           "D" The symbol is in the initialized data section.

           "G" The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects.
               Some object file formats permit more efficient access to  small
               data  objects,  such  as  a global int variable as opposed to a
               large global array.

           "I" The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol.  This is
               a GNU extension to the a.out object file format which is rarely
               used.

           "N" The symbol is a debugging symbol.

           "R" The symbol is in a read only data section.

           "S" The symbol is  in  an  uninitialized  data  section  for  small
               objects.
               becomes zero with no error.

           "W" The  symbol  is  a  weak  symbol that has not been specifically
               tagged as a weak object symbol.  When a weak defined symbol  is
               linked  with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol
               is used with no error.  When a weak undefined symbol is  linked
               and  the  symbol  is  not defined, the value of the weak symbol
               becomes zero with no error.

           "-" The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file.  In  this
               case,  the  next  values printed are the stabs other field, the
               stabs desc field, and the stab type.  Stabs symbols are used to
               hold debugging information.

           "?" The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific.

       ·   The symbol name.


OPTIONS

       The  long  and  short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
       equivalent.

       -A
       -o
       --print-file-name
           Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive  mem-
           ber)  in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file
           once only, before all of its symbols.

       -a
       --debug-syms
           Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are
           not listed.

       -B  The same as --format=bsd (for compatibility with the MIPS nm).

       -C
       --demangle[=style]
           Decode  (demangle)  low-level  symbol  names into user-level names.
           Besides removing any initial underscore prepended  by  the  system,
           this  makes  C++  function names readable. Different compilers have
           different mangling styles. The optional demangling  style  argument
           can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your com-
           piler.

       --no-demangle
           Do not demangle low-level symbol names.  This is the default.

       -D
       --dynamic
           Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal  symbols.   This
           is  only  meaningful  for dynamic objects, such as certain types of
           shared libraries.

       -f format
       --format=format
           Use the output format  format,  which  can  be  "bsd",  "sysv",  or
           For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find  a  file-
           name and line number.  For a defined symbol, look for the line num-
           ber of the address of the symbol.  For an  undefined  symbol,  look
           for  the line number of a relocation entry which refers to the sym-
           bol.  If line number information can be found, print it  after  the
           other symbol information.

       -n
       -v
       --numeric-sort
           Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabeti-
           cally by their names.

       -p
       --no-sort
           Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them  in  the
           order encountered.

       -P
       --portability
           Use  the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default for-
           mat.  Equivalent to -f posix.

       -S
       --print-size
           Print size of defined symbols for the "bsd" output format.

       -s
       --print-armap
           When listing symbols from archive members,  include  the  index:  a
           mapping  (stored  in  the archive by ar or ranlib) of which modules
           contain definitions for which names.

       -r
       --reverse-sort
           Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic);  let
           the last come first.

       --size-sort
           Sort  symbols  by  size.   The  size  is computed as the difference
           between the value of the symbol and the value of  the  symbol  with
           the  next  higher value.  The size of the symbol is printed, rather
           than the value.

       -t radix
       --radix=radix
           Use radix as the radix for printing the symbol values.  It must  be
           d for decimal, o for octal, or x for hexadecimal.

       --target=bfdname
           Specify an object code format other than your system's default for-
           mat.

       -u
       --undefined-only
           Display only undefined  symbols  (those  external  to  each  object
           file).
           nm.  It takes one parameter which must be the  string  32_64.   The
           default mode of AIX nm corresponds to -X 32, which is not supported
           by GNU nm.

       --help
           Show a summary of the options to nm and exit.


SEE ALSO

       ar(1), objdump(1), ranlib(1), and the Info entries for binutils.


COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,  2000,  2001,  2002
       Free Software Foundation, Inc.

       Permission  is  granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version  1.1  or
       any  later  version  published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
       Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with  no  Back-Cover
       Texts.   A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
       Free Documentation License".

binutils-2.13.90.0.18             2003-02-24                             nm(1)