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Number Systems for Digital Audio

This appendix discusses number formats used in digital audio. They are divided into ``linear'' and ``logarithmic.'' Linear number systems include binary integer fixed-point, fractional fixed-point, one's complement, and two's complement fixed-point. The $ \mu$ -law format is a popular hybrid between linear and logarithmic amplitude encoding. Floating-point combines a linear mantissa with a logarithmic ``exponent,'' and logarithmic fixed-point can be viewed as a special case of floating-point in which there is no mantissa. This appendix does not cover audio coding methods such as MPEG (MP3) [5,7,52,6] or Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) [12,42,43].



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``Mathematics of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), with Audio Applications --- Second Edition'', by Julius O. Smith III, W3K Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-0-9745607-4-8
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Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA),   Stanford University
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