Useful commands in gdb

Below is a useful subset of gdb commands, listed roughly in the order they might be needed. The first column gives the command, with optional characters enclosed in [square brackets]. For example, the run command can be abbreviated r. The second column gives a short description of the command. Type help <command> in gdb to obtain more information on each command.

h[elp]	Get help on gdb commands
h[elp] $<$ cmd$>$	Get help on a specific gdb command
r[un]	Run to next breakpoint or to end
s[tep]	Single-step, descending into functions
n[ext]	Single-step without descending into functions
fin[ish]	Finish current function, loop, etc. (useful!)
c[ontinue]	Continue to next breakpoint or end
up	Go up one context level on stack (to caller)
do[wn]	Go down one level (only possible after up)
l[ist]	Show lines of code surrounding the current point
p[rint] $<$ name$>$	Print value of variable called $<$ name$>$
p $\ast<$ name$>$	Print what is pointed to by $<$ name$>$
p/x $<$ name$>$	Print value of $<$ name$>$ in hex format
p $<$ name$>$ @$<$ n$>$	print $<$ n$>$ values starting at $<$ name$>$
p $<$ chars$>$ $<$ tab$>$	List all variables starting with $<$ chars$>$
b[reak] $<$ name$>$	Set a breakpoint at function $<$ name$>$
b $<$ class$>$ ::$<$ name$>$	Set a breakpoint at $<$ name$>$ in $<$ class$>$
b $<$ class$>$ ::$<$ tab$>$	List all members in $<$ class$>$
h[elp] b	Documentation for setting breakpoints
i[nfo] b	List breakpoints
i	List all info commands
dis[able] 1	Disable breakpoint 1
en[able] 1	Enable breakpoint 1
d[elete] 1	Delete breakpoint 1
d 1 2	Delete breakpoints 1 and 2
d	Delete all breakpoints
cond[ition] 1 $<$ expr$>$	Stop at breakpoint 1 only if $<$ expr$>$ is true
cond 1	Make breakpoint 1 unconditional
comm[ands] 1	Add a list of gdb commands to execute
	each time breakpoint 1 is hit
	(usually just print <var>)