Much recent experience in piano modeling is represented by the 2003 paper of Bank et al. [28], including good summaries of prior research on efficient computational string models, loss-filter design, dispersion filter design, and soundboard models. A careful computational model of the piano, partially based on physical modeling and suitable for high-quality real-time sound synthesis, has been recently developed by Bensa in the context of his thesis work [39]. Related publications include [40,43,]. An excellent simulation of the clavichord, also using the commuted waveguide synthesis technique, is described in [476]. A detailed simulation of the harpsichord, along similar lines, but with some interesting new variations, is due to appear soon [485].