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We can state the following general principles for
passive signal processing:
- Confine all nonlinear operations to physically meaningful wave
variables
- Signal power = square of physical variable times admittance or impedance
- Passivity assured if all effective gains less than 1
- Passive rounding:
- Apply to extended-precision intermediate result
- Magnitude truncation (``rounding toward zero'')
- Error power feedback
- Limit cycles impossible in passive systems
- Overflow oscillations impossible in passive systems
- Energy in ideal implementation = Lyapunov function
bounding energy in the finite-precision implementation
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Download Scattering.pdf
Download Scattering_2up.pdf
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