Difference between revisions of "Stompbox Real Sensors"

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<font size=5>Lab 2: Controlling an Effect with Real Sensors</font><br>
 
<font size=5>Lab 2: Controlling an Effect with Real Sensors</font><br>
 +
Designed by Edgar Berdahl
 +
 
Due on Wednesday, July 20th at 9AM
 
Due on Wednesday, July 20th at 9AM
  
  
 +
== Log In ==
 +
Log in to your kit as usual.
  
 +
Don't forget to run
 +
''sudo pkill pd''
 +
to stop any default patch from running.
  
  
  
* hook up button
 
* hook up pots
 
* hook up LED
 
* change to ring modulator
 
  
 +
== Appendix: Install Stompbox Firmware onto your Arduino Nano ==
 +
* Use the USB cable to plug the Arduino Nano into the Beagle Board.
 +
* From the terminal, run the command <tt>arduino &</tt> to start up the Arduino software.
 +
* From the menu Tools|Board choose <tt>Arduino Duemilanove or Nano w/ 328</tt>
 +
* From the menu Tools|Serial port choose <tt>/dev/ttyUSB0</tt>
 +
* Open the sketch <tt>/home/ccrma/pd/stompbox/startup-stompbox/FirmataAllInputs_ExceptOnePWMOut/FirmataAllInputs_ExceptOnePWMOut.pde</tt>
 +
* Press the '''Verify''' button.
 +
* Check the Arduino messages window to make sure that the code successfully compiled. (Usually, it will say something like <tt>Done compiling</tt> and <tt>Binary sketch size ...</tt>)
 +
* Press the '''Upload''' button (looks like an arrow pointing to the right) to install the firmware on the Arduino.
 +
* Check the Arduino messages window to make sure that you have successfully uploaded the firmware.
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
== Download software ==
 
 
* Make a Lab2/ folder for this lab.
 
 
* Download the following:
 
** [http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software Arduino Software]
 
*** If you have never used an Arduino with your computer before, you need to install the FTDI driver that comes with the Arduino software; this enables your computer to recognize the USB serial communication chip on the Arduino.
 
** Firmata [http://firmata.org/wiki/Download firmware]  (use firmata2.0beta3.zip)
 
** Either [http://ccrma.stanford.edu/courses/250a/250a_maxuino-005.zip Maxuino] or [http://ccrma.stanford.edu/courses/250a/250a_pduino-0.5.zip Pduino].
 
  
 
== Power Connections ==
 
== Power Connections ==
Line 47: Line 47:
  
 
[[Image:circuit0.jpg]]
 
[[Image:circuit0.jpg]]
 +
 +
 +
  
 
== First Circuit: Potentiometer ==
 
== First Circuit: Potentiometer ==
Line 54: Line 57:
 
[[Image:pot-A0.jpg]]
 
[[Image:pot-A0.jpg]]
  
For some help on placing the wires, please see the following picture. In order to ensure the correct orientation, ensure that the text on the potentiometer is facing *away* from the Arduino (see also oblique picture in next section).
+
For some help on placing the wires, please see the following picture. In order to ensure the correct orientation, ensure that the text on the potentiometer is facing '''away''' from the Arduino (see also oblique picture in next section).
 
[[Image:circuit2.jpg]]
 
[[Image:circuit2.jpg]]
 +
 +
 +
  
 
== Add A Second Potentiometer ==
 
== Add A Second Potentiometer ==
Line 68: Line 74:
  
 
[[Image:SBcircuit3.jpg]]
 
[[Image:SBcircuit3.jpg]]
 +
 +
 +
  
 
== Add A Button ==
 
== Add A Button ==
Line 79: Line 88:
 
[[Image:SBcircuit5.jpg]]
 
[[Image:SBcircuit5.jpg]]
  
== Buttons, Switches and LEDs ==
 
  
  
  
* Here's how to wire a simple 2-resistor circuit on the solderless bread-board (for example R1 = 10K, R2 = 10K):
+
== Add An LED ==
  
[[Image:Jumper.png]]
+
Finally, we add a light-emitting diode (LED) for fun and to help with debugging. Recall that current can only flow in one direction through a diode. One good trick to remember for LEDs is that the longer leg (the anode) points toward the power supply. The 220 Ohm resistor limits the amount of current that can flow through the LED.
  
What will A0 read?
+
[[Image:LEDPWMSchematic.jpg]]
  
(How do you know what resistor you have? Use the [http://www.dannyg.com/examples/res2/resistor.htm resistor calculator]!)
+
[[Image:SBcircuit6.jpg]]
  
  
=== Build the Button and LED Circuit ===
 
We'll start our tutorial with three simple light circuits.
 
  
* In the first one, the LED is permanently on.
 
* In the second, the LED only lights up when a button is pressed and a circuit is completed.
 
* In the third example, we'll replace the manual switch with an Arduino pin (set to output mode), so we can control the LED from our program.
 
  
[[Image:3Buttons.gif]]
+
== Test The Tremolo Effect ==
  
==== Power a LED (always on) ====
+
Now you will test a very simple tremolo effect.
  
[[Image:Lab2-3.jpg]]
+
* Connect headphones or some small loudspeakers to the ''audio out'' jack on the Beagle Board. (It is the one closer to the middle of the board.)
 +
* Connect an input audio source, such as a small MP3 player or instrument the audio output of the jack on the Beagle Board.
 +
* Start pd by running <tt>pd &</tt>
 +
* Open the patch <tt>~/pd/stompbox/startup-stompbox/startup-stompbox.pd</tt> using the File|Open menu option.
 +
* Start audio signal computation by checking the ''compute audio'' button in the main pd window.
 +
* The oscillator's output should be displayed by the horizontal slider and LED in real time. (If not, please go back and make sure you carried out all of the previous instructions.)
  
Build the following circuit on your breadboard. Use a 220Ohm resistor (red red brown gold).  
+
[[Image:SBsimple-stompbox.png]]
  
Because the LED is a diode, it has a set voltage drop across the leads; exceeding this causes heat to build up and the LED to fail prematurely. So! It is always important to have a resistor in series with the LED.
 
  
Also, another consequence of the LED being a diode is that it has directionality. The longer lead, the anode, should be connected towards power; the shorter, cathode, should be connected towards ground. (In the photo, the longer lead has a bent "knee.")
+
* Verify that turning the potentiometer connected to input pin A3 on the Arduino adjusts the value A3 shown in the main patch window. This should also change the output volume of the effect.
 +
* Verify that turning the potentiometer connected to input pin A0 on the Arduino adjusts the oscillator frequency.
  
==== Make a light switch ====
+
* Look inside the subpatch <tt>pd user-interface</tt>, which access the Arduino, and figure out how you could access data coming from the other analog inputs. Would you need to add an outlet to the subpatch?
 +
* Verify that when you press the button, the ''mode'' checkbox changes its state. Modify the effect to so that the mode checkbox implements a bypass switch. We will ask some volunteers in class the following morning to explain how to do this.
  
Next, we'll insert a switch into the circuit. The momentary switches in your kit are "normal open", meaning that the circuit is interrupted in the idle state, when the switch is not pressed. Pressing the switch closes the circuit until you let go again.
 
  
[[Image:Lab2-4.jpg]]
 
  
Use a multimeter to see what happens to the voltage on either side of the LED when you press the switch.
 
  
==== Toggling LED with PD or Max ====
+
== Build A Wah Effect ==
  
[[Image:Lab2-5.jpg]]
+
* Open the file ''wahwah.pd'' and play around with the filter parameters for a while.
 +
* Note that there is no way to adjust the parameters without a graphical user interface. Take the ''pd user-interface'' object from the previous patch, and modify it to control the Wah effect parameters in a sensible way. Get ready to rock out!
 +
* Optional: Find a potentiometer that can be adjusted with your foot (e.g. talk to Edgar) and wire it into the circuit to make the wah effect control complete!
 +
* Alternative optional activity: Look inside how the filters are adjusted and make your own filter design.
  
In the third example, we'll replace the manual switch with an Arduino pin (set to output mode), so we can control the LED from our program. The safe way to do this is to let the Arduino pin sink current - if we toggle the pin low, it acts as ground and current flows through the resistor and the LED as it did in the previous examples. When we take the pin high, to 5V, there is no potential difference and no current flows - the LED stays off.
 
  
* In the ArduinoLab patch, press the "toggling LED with software" button in the upper right to preset the outputs properly. The patch expects you to connect the LED to digital pin 2 (D2).
 
  
  
Optional: Try changing your patch so the light stays on when you press the mouse button, and stays off when you press it again. After that, change your patch so the light blinks on/off. Then, have your patch button switch the light between on and blinking.
+
== Optional: Build A New Effect ==
  
=== Sensing buttons in software  ===
+
* Build a new effect whose parameters are adjustable by the potentiometers and button. We will ask for volunteers to demonstrate this the following morning in class. You can build on what you did in lab 1 if you like.
  
We've used code to trigger output - what about the other direction, sensing physical input in code? Just as easy. Here is a simple switch circuit:
+
* Think about the result
 
+
** do the controls allow the entire space of parameters to be explored?
[[Image: switch.png]] [[Image: Lab2-6.jpg]]
+
** is it easy to choose any desired set of parameters?
+
** does the effect sound good?
When the switch is open, the Arduino pin (set to input mode) is pulled to 5V - in software, we'll read Arduino.HIGH. When the switch is closed, the voltage at the Arduino pin falls to 0V - in software, we'll read Arduino.LOW. The pull-up resistor is used to limit the current going through the circuit. In software, we can check the value of the pin and switch between graphics accordingly.
+
 
+
* In the ArduinoLab patch, press the "sensing buttons in software" button to preset the outputs properly. The patch expects you to connect the switch to digital pin 4 (D4).
+
 
+
=== Fading LEDs (optional) ===
+
 
+
What about those "breathing" LEDs on Mac Powerbooks? The fading from bright to dim and back is done using pulse-width modulation (PWM). In essence, the LED is toggled on and off rapidly, say 1000 times a second, faster than your eye can follow. The percentage of time the LED is on (the duty) controls the perceived brightness. To control an LED using PWM, you'll have to connect it to one of the pins that support PWM output - 9, 10 or 11 on the Arduino. Then write a patch that cycles the PWM values.
+
 
+
* In the ArduinoLab patch, press the "Fading LEDs" button to preset the outputs properly. The patch expects you to connect the LED to digital pins 9-11 (D9-11).
+
* In your Arduino Kit, you have a RGB LED which has four leads (it's white when not lit); it's basically like 3 LEDs sharing the same ground. Use PWM and this [[http://blog.ncode.ca/?p=38 pin out information]] to make the LED cycle through a rainbow of colors.
+
 
+
[[Image: Lab2-7.jpg]]
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
* Connect the middle pin of the potentiometer to analog input 0, the other two to +5V and ground.
+
* Through a 220Ohm resistor, connect an LED to pin 9(anode or long side to resistor, cathode to pin 9) 
+
*  In the ArduinoLab patch, press the "Light Dimmer" button to preset the outputs properly. The patch expects you to connect the LED to digital pin 9 (D9) and the potentiometer to analog pin 0 (A0). Use the PWM controls under output controls in the ArduinoLab patch to control the lightness and dimness of the LED.
+
 
+
== Putting it all Together ==
+
 
+
* Create a patch to make sounds based on button and sensor values from the Arduino. You can try to adapt your patches from Lab 1, or come up with a new patch.
+
 
+
* Try to make a simple musical interaction. Think about music -
+
 
** does it have dynamics?
 
** does it have dynamics?
** can you turn the sound off?
+
** would you want to use it live?
** can it be expressive?
+
*** If not, what is missing still?
 
+
 
+
 
+
  
  
  
== Appendix: Install Firmata onto your Arduino Nano ==
 
* Install the Arduino software
 
** Unarchive the file, and move it to your applications folder.
 
** Install the FTDI driver that comes with the Arduino software so that your computer will recognize the Arduino when it is plugged into the USB port.
 
* Unarchive the Firmata firmware that you downloaded previously.
 
* Connect your Arduino Nano to your computer using a USB cable.
 
* Open StandardFirmata the Arduino software pull-down menus Examples|Firmata.
 
* Use Tools->Board and Tools->Serial Port to select the Arduino Nano (Atmega 328) and USBserial tty port, then hit the Play button to verify and compile the program.
 
* Upload the Firmata firmware to your Arduino Nano using upload button, the fourth square button from the left (the one with the sideways arrow).
 
* Close the Arduino program. (This is important because it frees up the USB serial port so that Max or PD can talk to the Arduino board next.)
 
  
 +
== Important Note ==
 +
Some small amount of the text and images here was taken from prior laboratory exercises for the course [https://ccrma.stanford.edu/courses/250a/ Music 250A]. We regret that we do not know who contributed these elements, but these people are likely to include Wendy Ju, Bill Verplank, Michael Gurevich, and possibly more.
  
  
<center>[[250a 2009]]</center>
+
<center>[[Stompbox 2011]]</center>
[[Category:250a]][[Category:PID]]
+
[[Category:Stompbox 2011]][[Category:PID]]

Latest revision as of 13:11, 24 July 2012

Lab 2: Controlling an Effect with Real Sensors
Designed by Edgar Berdahl

Due on Wednesday, July 20th at 9AM


Log In

Log in to your kit as usual.

Don't forget to run sudo pkill pd to stop any default patch from running.



Appendix: Install Stompbox Firmware onto your Arduino Nano

  • Use the USB cable to plug the Arduino Nano into the Beagle Board.
  • From the terminal, run the command arduino & to start up the Arduino software.
  • From the menu Tools|Board choose Arduino Duemilanove or Nano w/ 328
  • From the menu Tools|Serial port choose /dev/ttyUSB0
  • Open the sketch /home/ccrma/pd/stompbox/startup-stompbox/FirmataAllInputs_ExceptOnePWMOut/FirmataAllInputs_ExceptOnePWMOut.pde
  • Press the Verify button.
  • Check the Arduino messages window to make sure that the code successfully compiled. (Usually, it will say something like Done compiling and Binary sketch size ...)
  • Press the Upload button (looks like an arrow pointing to the right) to install the firmware on the Arduino.
  • Check the Arduino messages window to make sure that you have successfully uploaded the firmware.



Power Connections

  • In order to run circuits on the breadboard, you need to get power to it. The Arduino gets 5V from the USB connection, so in this section you will make the 5V accessible to the breadboard.
  • Make sure that your Arduino is mounted at the very end of the breadboard with the higher-numbered rows, as shown in the following picture. In that case, the GND and 5V pins will end up in the 19th row. (Otherwise if your Arduino isn't mounted this way, you simply won't be able to rely on the row numbers, but you can still figure out how to wire things up!)
  • Recall first that that holes in the solderless bread board are wired together as shown:

Breadboard.png

  • Using short jumpers, connect the GND row to the blue "GND" bus on the breadboard, and connect the 5V row to the red "power" bus on the breadboard.
  • Connect the "GND" and "power" busses from both sides of the breadboard together as shown.

Circuit0-big.jpg


Viewed from further away, your breadboard should now look like the following:

Circuit0.jpg



First Circuit: Potentiometer

Now you will build the following voltage divider circuit, to connect one potentiometer to analog input A0.

Pot-A0.jpg

For some help on placing the wires, please see the following picture. In order to ensure the correct orientation, ensure that the text on the potentiometer is facing away from the Arduino (see also oblique picture in next section). Circuit2.jpg



Add A Second Potentiometer

Now connect a second potentiometer to analog input A3 using the same voltage divider circuit.

SBcircuit3-direct.jpg


Again, ensure that the text on the potentiometer is facing *away* from the Arduino (see the red boxes in the following figure):

SBcircuit3.jpg



Add A Button

Most stomp boxes have a button, so we include that as well according to the following circuit:

SBbutton-circuit.jpg

The corresponding picture of the bread board is shown below:

SBcircuit5.jpg



Add An LED

Finally, we add a light-emitting diode (LED) for fun and to help with debugging. Recall that current can only flow in one direction through a diode. One good trick to remember for LEDs is that the longer leg (the anode) points toward the power supply. The 220 Ohm resistor limits the amount of current that can flow through the LED.

LEDPWMSchematic.jpg

SBcircuit6.jpg



Test The Tremolo Effect

Now you will test a very simple tremolo effect.

  • Connect headphones or some small loudspeakers to the audio out jack on the Beagle Board. (It is the one closer to the middle of the board.)
  • Connect an input audio source, such as a small MP3 player or instrument the audio output of the jack on the Beagle Board.
  • Start pd by running pd &
  • Open the patch ~/pd/stompbox/startup-stompbox/startup-stompbox.pd using the File|Open menu option.
  • Start audio signal computation by checking the compute audio button in the main pd window.
  • The oscillator's output should be displayed by the horizontal slider and LED in real time. (If not, please go back and make sure you carried out all of the previous instructions.)

SBsimple-stompbox.png


  • Verify that turning the potentiometer connected to input pin A3 on the Arduino adjusts the value A3 shown in the main patch window. This should also change the output volume of the effect.
  • Verify that turning the potentiometer connected to input pin A0 on the Arduino adjusts the oscillator frequency.
  • Look inside the subpatch pd user-interface, which access the Arduino, and figure out how you could access data coming from the other analog inputs. Would you need to add an outlet to the subpatch?
  • Verify that when you press the button, the mode checkbox changes its state. Modify the effect to so that the mode checkbox implements a bypass switch. We will ask some volunteers in class the following morning to explain how to do this.



Build A Wah Effect

  • Open the file wahwah.pd and play around with the filter parameters for a while.
  • Note that there is no way to adjust the parameters without a graphical user interface. Take the pd user-interface object from the previous patch, and modify it to control the Wah effect parameters in a sensible way. Get ready to rock out!
  • Optional: Find a potentiometer that can be adjusted with your foot (e.g. talk to Edgar) and wire it into the circuit to make the wah effect control complete!
  • Alternative optional activity: Look inside how the filters are adjusted and make your own filter design.



Optional: Build A New Effect

  • Build a new effect whose parameters are adjustable by the potentiometers and button. We will ask for volunteers to demonstrate this the following morning in class. You can build on what you did in lab 1 if you like.
  • Think about the result
    • do the controls allow the entire space of parameters to be explored?
    • is it easy to choose any desired set of parameters?
    • does the effect sound good?
    • does it have dynamics?
    • would you want to use it live?
      • If not, what is missing still?



Important Note

Some small amount of the text and images here was taken from prior laboratory exercises for the course Music 250A. We regret that we do not know who contributed these elements, but these people are likely to include Wendy Ju, Bill Verplank, Michael Gurevich, and possibly more.


Stompbox 2011