Difference between revisions of "7745 Breadboarding lab"

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* Bend Sensor
 
* Bend Sensor
 
[[Image:Bend_sensor.png]]
 
[[Image:Bend_sensor.png]]
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== Make Your Ditty ==
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* Consider connecting the infrared distance sensor to analog input A5; however, probably the other analog sensors will work as well.
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* Try out the "FireFaderSimulator" pd patches in ''~/pd/labs-2016-Music-7745/5.breadboarding-sensors''
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* In each one, analog input A5 is already routed to control one of the virtual FireFaders. You should be able to already get sound with it.
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* Using the ''maxlib/scale'' object, use the other analog inputs you have wired up (e.g. probably the pots on pins A0 and A3) to adjust at least two of the other parameters inside the abstraction. (To open the abstraction, right click on it and select "open".) For an example, see what I did inside ''pluck_six_half_strings.pd'' and ''pluck_six_half_strings-FireFaderSimulator.pd'' but make your own customized patch!
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* Record a 30-second ditty with it, preferably in video format if possible (e.g. use your phone or iPad if you have this available), but audio-only format is also acceptable.
 +
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* Be prepared to share with the class next week!
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Latest revision as of 11:19, 12 February 2016

Breadboarding lab: Controlling Physical Models using Breadboarded Sensors
Designed by Edgar Berdahl


For this lab you need your Satellite CCRMA kit, a laptop computer with Ethernet adaptor to program it, and some headphones with a mini 1/8" (2.54mm) stereo jack.


In this lab, the images will show the Beagle Board xM instead of the Raspberry Pi, but actually all of the wiring is essentially the same. Today, we won't be "building a sandwich" with the Raspberry Pi and Arduino; however, we may do that at a future time if you're trying to make your kit smaller!




Power Connections

  • In order to run circuits on the breadboard, you need to get power to it. The Arduino gets 5V from the USB connection, so in this section you will make the 5V accessible to the breadboard.
  • Make sure that your Arduino is mounted at the very end of the breadboard with the higher-numbered rows, as shown in the following picture. In that case, the GND and 5V pins will end up in the 19th row. (Otherwise if your Arduino isn't mounted this way, you simply won't be able to rely on the row numbers, but you can still figure out how to wire things up!)
  • Recall first that that holes in the solderless bread board are wired together as shown:

Breadboard.png

  • Using short jumpers, connect the GND row to the blue "GND" bus on the breadboard, and connect the 5V row to the red "power" bus on the breadboard.
  • Connect the "GND" and "power" busses from both sides of the breadboard together as shown.

Circuit0-big.jpg


Viewed from further away, your breadboard should now look like the following:

Circuit0.jpg



First Circuit: Potentiometer

  • Use the same procedure as before to power up Satellite CCRMA and login as the user ccrma with the password temppwd.
  • Don't forget to stop the default patch from running by executing the command

stop-default

  • Start pd using the following command

pd &

  • Open the pd patch

~/pd/labs-2016-Music-7745/5.breadboarding-sensors/test-Arduino-only.pd

  • Now you will build the following voltage divider circuit, to connect one potentiometer to analog input A0.

Pot-A0.jpg

For some help on placing the wires, please see the following picture. In order to ensure the correct orientation, ensure that the text on the potentiometer is facing away from the Arduino (see also oblique picture in next section). Circuit2.jpg



Add A Second Potentiometer

Now connect a second potentiometer to analog input A3 using the same voltage divider circuit.

SBcircuit3-direct.jpg


Again, ensure that the text on the potentiometer is facing *away* from the Arduino (see the red boxes in the following figure):

SBcircuit3.jpg





Other Voltage Dividers

The circuit you just used for the potentiometer was a voltage divider circuit in which the potentiometer serves as two resistors. Other resistive sensors only have two wires, so to build a voltage divider with them, you need to combine them with a second, fixed resistor. Examples in your kit are the force sensitive resistor (FSR) and the bend or flex sensor. The idea is that you put two resistors in series between power and ground: one that changes resistance (your sensor), and one of a known, fixed resistance. At the point in between the two resistors, you can measure how much the voltage has dropped through the first resistor. This value changes as the ratio of resistances between variable and fixed resistors change. More formally:

Res divider.png

  • potentiometer:

Pot.png

  • force-sensitive resistor (FSR):

FSR.png

Try both circuits. Test the resistance range of your sensor. If you want 2.5 volts to be the middle, make the comparison resistor (33k in the diagram) the "average" value of the FSR's resistance. Test this with a multimeter.

  • Bend Sensor

Bend sensor.png



Make Your Ditty

  • Consider connecting the infrared distance sensor to analog input A5; however, probably the other analog sensors will work as well.
  • Try out the "FireFaderSimulator" pd patches in ~/pd/labs-2016-Music-7745/5.breadboarding-sensors
  • In each one, analog input A5 is already routed to control one of the virtual FireFaders. You should be able to already get sound with it.
  • Using the maxlib/scale object, use the other analog inputs you have wired up (e.g. probably the pots on pins A0 and A3) to adjust at least two of the other parameters inside the abstraction. (To open the abstraction, right click on it and select "open".) For an example, see what I did inside pluck_six_half_strings.pd and pluck_six_half_strings-FireFaderSimulator.pd but make your own customized patch!
  • Record a 30-second ditty with it, preferably in video format if possible (e.g. use your phone or iPad if you have this available), but audio-only format is also acceptable.
  • Be prepared to share with the class next week!




Troubleshooting

  • Only one pd patch can access the Arduino at a time. If you have two patches open that are trying to access it, then the sensor values delivered in pd won't make any sense.
  • For power users only: Whenever you upload new firmware to the Arduino, the serial port needs to be free. This means that you can't have any pd patches open that are communicating with the Arduino while uploading new firmware.



Conclusions

Read more about other sensors in the lecture notes.



Ideas For Future Extensions

Using the methods shown in the lab for connecting the Arduino output to the physical models, consider the following:

  • You could use two analog sensors at the same time (one on pin A5 and one on pin A6) to control the two "FireFader" inputs to the model ~/pd/SaM-models-0.9/softening_string_nl_10-FireFaderSimulator.pd
  • You could use two FSRs to play two of the haptic drum timbres in ~/pd/SaM-models-0.9/haptic_drum_four_timbresA-FireFaderSimulator.pd
  • Think about the following, but don't do it unless you have four FSRs: How could one use four FSRs to play all four timbres in ~/pd/SaM-models-0.9/haptic_drum_four_timbresA-FireFaderSimulator.pd?



Evaluation

  • Think about the result
    • do the controls allow the entire space of parameters to be explored?
    • is it easy to choose any desired set of parameters?
    • does the effect sound good?
    • does it have dynamics?
    • would you want to use it live?
      • If not, what is missing still?



More Reading About Arduino

This OPTIONAL section is for power users only.

  • See which devices are attached to Linux by running the command following command. They will appear the be files. Wow, there are so many!

ls /dev

  • To list only the serial interface devices type

ls /dev/tty*

  • Now unplug the Arduino from the Raspberry Pi using the USB cable. The lights on the Arduino board should turn off.
  • Now run

ls /dev/tty*

again, and you should now see that the device /dev/ttyUSB0 is gone, which represented the Arduino Nano when it was plugged in.

Troubleshooting: If you didn't see /dev/ttyUSB0 when the Arduino was plugged in, then try rebooting using sudo reboot to see if that fixes this problem. (If you reboot, this will take about 45 seconds, and you will have to login again using ssh. If that doesn't work, come talk to us. If you are a Linux pro, you can try to debug the problem yourself by typing dmesg and looking at the result.)

  • By the way, here is how we installed the Arduino firmware on the Arduino before the start of this lab (and the previous one). Plug the Arduino back into the Raspberry Pi and start the Arduino software in the terminal by typing

arduino &

  • Open StandardFirmata from the Arduino software pull-down menus File|Examples|Firmata. Look at the program. This is what will control the Arduino.
  • Select Arduino Nano w/ ATMega328 under Tools->Board and /dev/ttyUSB0 under Tools->Serial Port. Then hit the Play button to verify and compile the program.
  • Upload the Firmata firmware to your Arduino Nano using upload button, the second square button from the left (the one with the sideways arrow).
  • Close the Arduino program by closing all of the Arduino windows. (This is important because it frees up the USB serial port so that Pd can talk to the Arduino board later.)



Note On Authorship

Some small amount of the text and images here was taken from prior laboratory exercises for the course Music 250A. We regret that we do not know who contributed these elements, but these people are likely to include Wendy Ju, Bill Verplank, Michael Gurevich, and possibly more.


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